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Instructions (read carefully)
IN CHAPTER ONE TO CHAPTER FIVE OF THE TEXTBOOK!! DONT USE QUOTES PLEASE!!
The assignment consists of three short answer questions asking you to explain an idea from the course, worth 10 points each, and two longer answer questions, asking you to explain and critically assess an idea, worth 15 points each. (60 points total)
As a rough guide, you might write one or two paragraphs (around 8-10 sentences) for questions 1-3 and then write about two paragraphs for questions 4 and 5. But this will depend on how concise you are, how long the sentences are, etc.
This is an open book assignment, but you should not rely on close paraphrases or quotations from lecture materials or readings. You should aim to demonstrate your own understanding of (and reflections on) the ideas we’ve covered. Your answer should not consist of close paraphrases of each bullet point from the relevant handouts. It’s okay to draw on the lectures and readings, but put things in your own words.
You can treat this assignment like a take-home test. If you are well-prepared, you should be able to write your answers in a few hours. The extra time some students need is built into assignment already.
You do not need to include in-text citations or a bibliography unless you are using direct quotations or you are drawing on outside materials (I suggest not doing either of these, since we are looking for evidence of your own understanding).
Explain technical terms you use in your answers (e.g., names of theories, or ideas like ‘incommensurability’)
Upload your answers as a pdf or Microsoft Word document.
Short answer responses will be assessed for accuracy, clarity and depth of understanding.
Long answers will be assessed for accuracy, clarity, depth and breadth of understanding, and quality of critical engagement.
Questions
1. Explain the idea of verificationism. Then, explain the idea of holism about testing, and explain why holism is thought to present a challenge to verificationism. (10 points)
2. Briefly explain Hempel’s paradox of the ravens. (10 points)
3. Briefly explain Popper’s view about the role observation plays in science. Then, explain the objection that this view seems to conflict with the role that probability plays in science. (10 points)
4. Hume argued that we do not have justification for projecting the patterns in what we have observed onto things we have not yet observed. Briefly explain Hume’s argument. What do you think Hume’s problem tells us about the justification of beliefs in science? Give reasons for your answer. (15 points)
5. Briefly explain Kuhn’s idea of a paradigm. To what extent do you think that the claims of scientists working in different paradigms are incommensurable? Give reasons for your answer. (15 points)
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